Cholangitis is a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the bile duct system that results from infection. The bile duct system carries bile from your liver and gallbladder into the first part of your small intestine (the duodenum). In most cases cholangitis is caused by a bacterial infection. The infection often happens suddenly. But in some cases it may be long-term (chronic). here are several health problems that may cause an infection in your bile duct system.
In most cases cholangitis is caused by a blocked duct somewhere in your bile duct system. The blockage may be from: Lumps of solid material (gallstones), A tumor, Blood clots, A narrowing of a duct that may happen after surgery, Swollen pancreas, Inflammatory conditions of the liver and bile ducts, A parasite infection.
Cholangitis may also be caused when you have: A backflow of bacteria from your small intestine, A blood infection (bacteremia), A test done to check your liver or gallbladder (such as a test where a thin tube or endoscope is put into your body).

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