Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) often requires hospitalization, especially in older patients. Intestinal bleeding can be a chronic problem, possibly caused by iron deficiency or hematochezia (passing bloody stool). Or, intestinal bleeding can be acute – sudden and life-threatening. Colonoscopy has the ability to diagnose all sources of bleeding from the colon and, unlike the radiologic modalities, does not require active bleeding at the time of the examination. In addition, therapeutic interventions such as cautery and endoclips can be applied to achieve hemostasis and prevent recurrent bleeding. Blood spots on toilet paper after a bowel movement or blood mixed in with the stool can indicate intestinal bleeding. Red or black stool can also suggest bleeding in the colon. Other symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and fainting can indicate more severe bleeding.
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Gut and Gastroenterology 